RT Journal Article
A1 Zhang, Junjun
A1 Wu, Jingting
A1 Liu, Xieyi
A1 Jin, Zhenlan
A1 Li, Ling
A1 Chen, Lin
T1 Hole superiority effect with 3D figures formed by binocular disparity
JF Journal of Vision
JO Journal of Vision
YR 2019
DO 10.1167/19.2.2
VO 19
IS 2
SP 2
OP 2
SN 1534-7362
AB  The global-first theory of topological perception claims that topological perception is prior to the perception of local features (e.g., Chen, 1982, 2005). Our previous studies demonstrated a hole superiority effect (HSE): Figures with holes are more detectable than figures without holes. Such an HSE was shown with figures formed by either orientation-defined texture (Zhang, 2009) or a black-and-white contrast (Meng, Cui, Zhou, Chen, & Ma, 2012). The present study used binocular disparity as one more organizing factor for testing the abstract nature of the HSE, indicating holes, as a typical kind of topological invariance, are represented in vision independent of the features that were forming the holes. The disparity-forming figures were well controlled for luminance, spatial frequency, subjective contours, and other nontopological factors, which are commonly considered as counter explanations against the topological theory. 
RD 2/25/2021
UL https://doi.org/10.1167/19.2.2