Abstract
Thirty years ago David Hubel and I started recording from macaque primary visual cortex. This was old had for David but novel for me. Our new tool was Margaret Wong Riley's discovery that V1 stained heterogeneously for the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase. When we compared the physiology with the anatomy we were delighted to discover an unexpected correlation. Using neuronal tracers we began untangling the relationship with these newly discovered structures in V1 with the related patterns in V2, along with Roger Tootell, David Van Essen, and Anita Hendrickson.