Abstract
This symposium was designed in conjunction with David Williams and Maarten Kamermans as part of the continuing series of exchange symposia that highlight the historical and continued shared areas of interests of VSS and ARVO. This year, the symposium is at VSS, intended to bring us some of the latest advances presented at ARVO. There will be three talks, all showcasing aspects of retinal function that are crucial for understanding central visual processing. The speakers are all experts and experienced speakers who will give excellent accounts of their important work.