Non-retinotopic processing is mainly investigated with the saccadic stimulus presentation paradigm (SSPP). In SSPP, observers make a saccadic eye movement from one fixation point to a second fixation point. Two stimuli, one before and one after the saccade, are presented briefly at the same position on the screen. Interestingly, visual processing at the retinal location where the first stimulus is presented influences the processing at the location where the second stimulus will be presented after the saccade (Irwin,
1996; McRae, Butler, & Popiel,
1987). These findings are in good agreement with neurophysiological findings in which neurons start responding to a stimulus even before the saccade, which will bring the stimulus into the receptive fields of these neurons (Duhamel, Colby, & Goldberg,
1992; Nakamura & Colby,
2002; Umeno & Goldberg,
1997). Using SSPP, it was shown that attention (Golomb, Chun, & Mazer,
2008; Mathot & Theeuwes,
2010), color (Wittenberg, Bremmer, & Wachtler,
2008), motion (Melcher & Morrone,
2003; Ong, Hooshvar, Zhang, & Bisley,
2009), position (Prime, Niemeier, & Crawford,
2006) and time processing (Burr, Tozzi, & Morrone,
2007) can occur in a non-retinotopic frame of reference. Aftereffects are often used to selectively target a mechanism in the visual processing hierarchy. Based on this rationale, Melcher (
2005) chose contrast, tilt, form, and face aftereffects to probe visual processing at gradually increasing levels of visual hierarchy. Results from this and related studies (Ezzati, Golzar, & Afraz,
2008; Melcher,
2005,
2007,
2008) showed evidence for non-retinotopic aftereffects.