The attentional repulsion effect has been well characterized with regard to exogenous (involuntary) attention (e.g., DiGiacomo & Pratt,
2012; Gozli & Pratt,
2012; Kosovicheva et al.,
2010; Pratt & Arnott,
2008; Pratt & Turk-Browne,
2003; Suzuki & Cavanagh,
1997), but only one study has explored the effects of endogenous (voluntary) attention on the repulsion effect (Suzuki & Cavanagh,
1997, experiment 4). This situation leaves a disconnect between behavioral and physiological experiments, which have measured receptive fields under endogenous attention conditions (e.g., Anton-Erxleben et al.,
2009; Womelsdorf et al.,
2006). Whereas endogenous attention and exogenous attention often cause similar perceptual changes (e.g., Herrmann, Montaser-Kouhsari, Carrasco, & Heeger,
2010; Montagna, Pestilli, & Carrasco,
2009), there are some pronounced differences on their perceptual consequences, and particularly relevant for the present study are those regarding their effects on spatial resolution. Endogenous attention always improves performance by flexibly adjusting spatial resolution (Barbot & Carrasco,
2017; Yeshurun, Montagna, & Carrasco,
2008) whereas exogenous attention always increases resolution even when detrimental for the task at hand (Carrasco et al.,
2006; Talgar & Carrasco,
2002; Yeshurun & Carrasco,
1998; Yeshurun & Carrasco,
2000; Yeshurun & Carrasco,
2008). Moreover, their temporal dynamics differ; exogenous attention peaks at about 100–120 ms whereas endogenous attention becomes effective at about 300 ms and can be sustained for many seconds (Carrasco et al.,
2004; Ling & Carrasco,
2006; Liu, Stevens, & Carrasco,
2007; Muller & Rabbitt,
1989; Nakayama & Mackeben,
1989). Furthermore, the effect of endogenous attention scales with cue validity (Giordano et al.,
2009; Kinchla,
1980; Sperling & Melchner,
1978), and that of exogenous attention does not vary with cue validity (Giordano et al.,
2009). Last, neuroimaging studies have revealed that these two types of attention recruit partially overlapping sets of neural resources (e.g., Beck & Kastner,
2009; Chica, Bartolomeo, & Lupiañez,
2013; Corbetta & Shulman,
2002; Dugué, Merriam, Heeger, & Carrasco,
2017; Fox, Corbetta, Snyder, Vincent, & Raichle,
2006; Kincade, Abrams, Astafiev, Shulman, & Corbetta,
2005). Given these differences, it is important to characterize the repulsion effect in terms of both exogenous and endogenous attention.