We conducted a 2 (Eccentricity) × 3 (LT Condition) ANOVA to compare the LT cost on reading speed (
Figure 1d). The result showed a significant main effect of eccentricity,
F(1, 17) = 17.16,
p = 0.001,
ηp2 = 0.50, a significant main effect of the LT condition,
F(2, 34) = 22.57,
p < 0.001,
ηp2 = 0.57, and an interaction between the two,
F(2, 34) = 4.96,
p = 0.013,
ηp2 = 0.23. LT costs were larger in the center than the periphery in all three LT conditions (initial:
p = 0.042, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.29]; internal:
p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.22, 0.57]; final:
p = 0.016, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.38]). In central vision, the magnitude of LT costs followed the pattern: initial > final > internal (initial vs. final:
p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.16]; initial vs. internal:
p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.10, 0.27]; final vs. internal:
p = 0.012, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.15]). In peripheral vision, the magnitude of LT costs also followed the same pattern, although not all pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (initial vs. final:
p = 0.17, 95% CI = [−0.05, 0.38]; initial vs. internal:
p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.21, 0.66]; final vs. internal:
p = 0.017, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.49]).