First, passive and subjective control conditions were compared in a pair of three-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). A 3 × 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA comparing durations of motion persistence by the number of priming frames (three, five, and seven), type of motion prime (rebound and drift), and instruction type (passive, change, hold) (see
Figure 2B) importantly revealed a main effect of instruction such that change instructions has the shortest mean persistence (mean, 3.69 frames; standard error [SE], 0.16), followed by passive (mean, 6.74 frames; SE, 0.22), and hold persistence had the longest mean persistence (mean, 7.66 frames; SE, 0.24),
F(2,196) = 54.15,
P < 0.001. There was also a main effect of motion type such that rebounding motion primes (mean, 6.65 frames; SE, 0.19) resulted in reports of longer motion persistence compared with drift motion primes (mean, 5.55 frames; SE, 0.17),
F(1,98) = 14.97,
P < 0.001. There was also a main effect of priming frames wherein the fewer priming frames presented, the longer the reported motion persistence (three frames: mean, 6.94 frames; SE, 0.23; five frames: mean, 5.94 frames; SE, 0.22; seven frames: mean, 5.36 frames; SE, 0.21),
F(2,196) = 40.67,
P < 0.001. Among the possible interactions, there was a significant interaction between the type of priming frame and instruction,
F(2,196) = 9.61,
P < 0.001, reflecting that the effect of motion type (i.e., the rebound bias) was more pronounced during passive and hold instructions compared with change instructions during which there was no rebound bias.